Admissions Blogs

Admissions Blogs This evening, as I sit reviewing some of the first early action applications of the year, I note that Im getting a lot of new traffic to the blog from a posting on another site asking about admissions officer blogs. This reminds me that we havent officially announced that all of the MIT Admissions blogs including blogs by three admissions officers, the Director of Financial Aid, and 9 current MIT students can now be viewed (without logging in!) at my.mit.edu. I know this has been long requested by non-student visitors to the blogs (including parents, MIT students alumni, and the generally curious), and now its a reality. So, if youre looking for admissions officer blogs, look no further than MyMIT, where youll find the blogs of MIT Admissions Officers Ben Jones and Bryan Nance, as well as Financial Aid Director Daniel Barkowitz. I should also give props to the only other admissions blogs I know of: first, the mawrmawr blog by Bryn Mawr College Senior Associate Director of Admissions Maureen McGonigle, and second, the blog of Olin College Assistant Director of Admissions Emily Roper. Bryn Mawr and Olin are two places I like a lot, and Im not surprised that these two terrific places host the only other admissions blogs I know. Anyway, back to the applications

Community Learning And Development Provision For Esol...

Learning Outcome 1. The purpose of this assignment is to discuss the Community Learning and Development provision for ESOL learners in aim to support their assimilation and settlement process into the community as well as empowering them to use skills, they posses and gain, in the best possible way. Assuming the fact, that they would come from very different backgrounds, with different learning experience, it would be crucial to asses every one individually, based on their knowledge of English language and adjust the learning styles and pace of education to each person. According to the British Government statistics showing the increase of the immigrants coming into UK (Statistics, 2015), so there seems to be a demand for the provision of ESOL classes across the country to prepare the newcomers to live and work in UK. As it would mostly be work with adults, the facilitator will have a variety of approaches available, for example andragogy (from Greek andr– meaning ‘man’, agogos meaning ‘leading’), which focuses on adult education and uses different technics. The term itself points that it deals with adult learners who do have some life experience, are self-directed and responsible for their own learning; and could be a useful resource for one another. (Smith M. K., Andragogy, the encyclopedia of informal education, 1996) The whole process can be conducted in formal (structured, traditional setting e.g., school) or informal, outcome based way, away from established rules orShow MoreRelatedStudents who are English language learners have been discriminated against and have had more1300 Words   |  6 Pages Students who are English language learners have been discriminated against and have had more challenges than any of the normal students in all school district around the United States. Teachers were not given the necessary tools and provided the necessary training to teach them. Teachers and Students encounter ESOL related problems almost daily. It has taken decades of trials, Acts, and Decrees for the United States to implement plans that not only teachers and administrations canRead MoreCritical Reflection on the Extent to Which Learning Can Contribute to the Personal Development, Economic Growth and Community Regeneration of Your Learners882 Words   |  4 Pagesreflection on the e xtent to which learning can contribute to the personal development, economic growth and community regeneration of your learners ‘For people to consider improving their skills, they need to be aware of and motivated by the benefits of doing so. They must see a link between skills development and achieving their own personal ambitions’ (Leitch Review of Skills Final Report, 2006). There is no doubt at all that learning has a great impact on personal development and socio-economic successRead MoreArinze Nwagwu Essay3828 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿ DTLLS UNIT 7 Assignment 1 2 Curriculum Development for Inclusive Practice ARINZE NWAGWU Content Pages The contexts in which education and training are provided 3 - 6 In the lifelong learning sector Theories, Principles and Models of Curriculum Design on Inclusive learning and 7- 11 Teaching in our learning environment. References 12 1. Understand contexts in which education andRead MoreResponsibilities and Challenges of Teachers2028 Words   |  8 PagesIn discussing and exploring whether the recent changes and implementation of the Further Education Sector will actually lead to dramatic improvements in the teaching of English to second language learners, one must consider a variety of factors. Some of these factors are subjective such as questions about the dynamic of teachers and student interactions and pedagogical philosophies; some however, are more objective and are concerned with testing requirements and the empirical efficacy of variousRead MoreCurricular Implications for Students Who Fall Under Section 5042008 Words   |  9 Pagesstatutes include identifying and delivering specified instructional lessons for students who qualify for services under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), and the students who qualify for ESOL (English for Speak ers of Other Languages). Academic leaders who ensure compliance among these regulations and educate themselves on the appropriate instructional practices, will properly assist their teachers and students in finding academic successRead MorePlanning and Enabling Learning2617 Words   |  11 PagesENABLING LEARNING DTLLS FEB 2010 PLANNING AND ENABLING LEARNING Rationale. I believe by researching different assessment areas and learning styles I will become a better lecturer. This would help my planning and thus allow learning to happen or take place. I am hopeful that by researching and learning about different methods of negotiating, integrating skills whether functional, life or trade and communication methods it will help me have an inclusive learning classroom;Read MoreThe Philosophy And Practice Of Assessment3098 Words   |  13 PagesDefinitions Relating to Assessment 1. Assessment: In education, â€Å"assessment† is used to refer to both the underlying philosophical framework and methods of measurement that are used to document or inform student readiness, progress towards objectives, and learning generally by stakeholders with potential implications for future actions. Allen, M. J. (2003). Assessing academic programs in higher education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Astin, A. Antonio, A. (2012). Assessment for excellence: The philosophyRead MoreRoles and Responsibilities of a Teacher9859 Words   |  40 PagesPreparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector [pic] Executive Summary This paper will focus upon the roles, responsibilities and boundaries in planning, managing and delivering learning based around the teaching training cycle. This covers the application of learning styles to identify the differences of my learners. The issues of entitlement, equality, diversity and Inclusitivity will be addressed. It will also address the relevant legislation in my area of expertise and the importanceRead MoreSupporting the Development of English Literacy in English Language Learners22851 Words   |  92 PagesSUPPORTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LITERACY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS Key Issues and Promising Practices Diane August August Associates Report No. 61 February 2003 This report was published by the Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR), a national research and development center supported by a grant (No. R-117-D40005) from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), U.S. Department of Education. The content or opinions expressed

Illegal Immigrants Should Receive Health Care Essay

America needs comprehensive health care reform, and immigrants should be a part of the movement. But many American citizens might ask that pertinent question: why should they cover the expense for illegal immigrants to access health care? The answer is plain and simple: until congress passes immigration laws that work, people are going to migrant here illegally. And to deny migrants access to affordable health care, Americans are not only denying them their human right, they are also putting individual and national health at risk. I believe that this country – which has the medical advancements and the facilities to ensure the health of its citizens – should reach out to its non-citizens, legal and illegal, until it†¦show more content†¦The studys results prove that if the federal law requiring employers to supply valid social security numbers for their employees is passed –thus ensuring the loss of Oregons undocumented workers-- the state could lose as much as $656 million in tax revenues resulting in 173,500 jobs losses (Navas). While the numbers vary from state to state, this study suggests that immigrants might be contributing more than people think. Illegal immigrants usually hold jobs that have bad conditions and worse pay. Oftentimes, these jobs are found in sectors such as agriculture, construction, food-handling and manufacturing (Dwyer). Unfortunately for the illegal individuals who acquire these jobs, they have no access to comprehensive health care, though their line of work tends to demand it. Although illegal immigrants are consequently strapped for cash, many of them will not visit primary care physicians for fear of being deported. This sets up a vicious cycle: individuals get sick yet ignore the signs. When illnesses get remarkably worse and are too severe to treat at doctors offices, the individuals then go to emergency rooms, where the cost is considerably greater. More often than not, the immigrants ca nnot afford to pay their hospital bills. The cost is then covered by the medical institutions and tax-payer dollars (Wolf). While some argue that illegal migrants do notShow MoreRelatedEssay on Healthcare for Immigrants: A Policy to Benefit Everyone1674 Words   |  7 Pageseconomy. While federal budget cuts will have to be made should the ceiling be lifted or not, cuts are also being felt on a local level, even in places like education. While not completely responsible for these problems, there are over 12 million illegal immigrants living in the United States. Unfortunately, about 59% of them do not have health insurance. With 25% of legal immigrants uninsured, that creates a large population that cannot seek or receive proper medical treatment (Wolf, 2008). Fixing thisRead MoreHealth Care Services and Illegal Immigrants753 Words   |  3 PagesThis is an example of what illegal immigrants with renal failure endure. On average, patients receiving dialysis are given a life ex pectancy of three to five years unless an organ transplant is received (**). Providing health care is a public good, a human right to receive care, not just a right to the insured or based ones citizenship status. The ethical dilemma that is presented leads to the following question: Should an immigrant requiring regular dialysis be denied care due to their undocumentedRead MoreThe Economic Impact Of Illegal Immigration902 Words   |  4 PagesThe economic impact of illegal immigrants in Texas has brought concerns for the state s economy. Such as opportunities, health care, and education. Illegal immigrants contribute both positively and negatively to the Texas economy. They contribute positively by paying for taxes such as sales taxes, health taxes and taxes imposed on items. The negative impacts these immigrants have on the Texas economy seems to overweigh these positive impacts. Their presence has made general wages go down for unqualifiedRead MoreThe Misconception about Illeg al Immigrants Essay1716 Words   |  7 PagesAmericans believe that illegal immigrants are freeloaders they come to the United States to use our Social Services. Let’s define Social Services, â€Å"organized welfare efforts carried on under professional auspices by trained personnel (dictionary.com, 2011, para.1).† Examples of Social Services are Housing which is Government subsidized and public housing, Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), Food Stamps/Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Medicaid and Medicare, and SocialRead MoreEssay on Healthcare: for all or citizens only?1465 Words   |  6 Pagesof losing their life but also in fear of being in debt due to the prices of health care treatment they need. But what if this patient happens to be an illegal immigrant? Should doctors deny him/her because they lack citizenship? Or should illegal immigrants be treated just like any other patients by having a right to health care? Throughout the past decade restrictions on eligibility for taxpayer-subsidized medical care has risen at both the state and national level. Some of these restrictionsRead MoreIllegal Immigrants, Health Care, And Social Responsibility1430 Words   |  6 Pages209 Illegal Immigrants, Health Care, and Social Responsibility Immigration has been and is one big problem that is widespread these days. Immigration means to move from one country to another for the purpose of one better life, better job, better health etc. The other problem that comes with immigration is the illegal immigration that in these days is growing up so fast. Illegal immigration is a problem that affects all the developed countries like America. An illegal immigrant is definedRead MoreEssay on Healthcare for Illegal Aliens1680 Words   |  7 Pagesthe prices of health care treatment they need. But what if this patient happens to be an illegal alien? What if the patient has a foreign illness that needs to be cured so it does not spread? Is it morally correct to deny this person treatment because he or she lacks citizenship or a valid visa? 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Unfortunately, some people confuse legal and illegal immigration. Legal immigrants are here legally. They have the proper, legal documents that allow them to live and work in the U.S. without complications. Illegal immigrants are defined as anyone who was born in a country other than the U.S. to parents who are not official U.S. citizens; they enter the U.S. without legal documents to prove their legalRead MoreHealthcare Of Current Undocumented Refugees And Immigrants Of The Early Twentieth Century1410 Words   |  6 PagesUndocumented Refugees and Immigrants of the Early Twentieth Century Immigration has remained a long-standing, controversial topic in this country with strong public opinions as well as many political disputes over this issue. Laws have been created over time, which support immigration and refugee resettlement, however, these laws have been met with much resistance throughout history. According to the Department of Homeland Security (2012), the number of illegal immigrants and undocumented refugees

Banking System and Management Project Proposal Free Essays

THE UNIVERSITY OF LAHORE CS 2135- OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING | Semester Project Proposal| | | Course InstructorAbid Bashirabid. bashir@cs. uol. We will write a custom essay sample on Banking System and Management Project Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now edu. pk| Guidelines for Project Proposal 1. Title Page: | Day| | Month| | Year| DATE| | | –| | | –| | | | | PROJECT TITLE:| | STUDENT INFORMATIONWrite down the detail of all group members in BLOCK LETTERS ONLY. | GROUP LEADER: | Sr No. | Student ID| Name| Program| Email id (Optional):| 1. | | | | | 2. | | | | | 3. | | | | | 4. | | | | | Course Instructor’s Remarks:| | Course Instructor’s Signature:| | Date:| | 2. Project Summary (should not be more than half a page): The goal of this section is to present the reasons for doing this project as well as stating all of the project’s objectives. In this section in particular it is very important to write concisely and clearly.. Before you begin writing you should be able to answer the following questions: * Why are you doing this project? * What will you be doing? * How will you be doing it? * Who will be doing it (Describes the roles of individual group members in the project? * How long will it take? 3. Project Objectives: State the major goals to be acquired at the end of the project. Moreover, this section should further highlight the final outcomes achieved at successful development of the project. The overall objective should be as follows: The explanation would include a discussion of not only what you intend to do, but also a justification of what you will not do (in other words, what your audience might assume that you will do). You might consider having a paragraph for each objective. 4. Project Methodology: This sections details the plan for how the project objectives will be achieved. It usually starts with a description of the overall approach. Then it provides details on methodology, the target audience, and how major problems will be managed. 4. 1 The Project Approach Summary: Write a few short paragraphs or bullet points on your overall approach to the project. Include how the project team will be organized, what development and collaboration languages will be used, and how the plan will be updated along the way. 4. 3. Work Breakdown: Make a list of tasks and major functionalities that will be performed for this project, make sure the list is detailed enough to cover the major features to be involved within the project. Therefore, make a comprehensive list of detailed functionalities that would be performed in the relevant project. In technical terms, you are also required to include the names of possible classes to be involved within the project. The following sample table can be used to identify the major sections/features that would be performed in the project: Section No. | Section Name:| Section Description (includes major functions to be performed):| Deployment Status | Remarks| | | | | | * Keep the Deployment Status ; Remarks column empty. IMPORTANT NOTE: You would be finally evaluated against the mentioned and approved sections along with the relevant functions associated with each section. Therefore, try to be precise and realistic in highlighting the relevant functionalities of the related project. 5. Responsibilities of Team members: In a paragraph for each person, establish the team responsibilities for the project. Highlight any specific sections or tasks related with the project that would be performed by each group member. How to cite Banking System and Management Project Proposal, Papers

Herodotus And Rhampsinitus And The Thief Essay free essay sample

Herodotus And? Rhampsinitus And The Thief? Essay, Research Paper Herodotus and? Rhampsinitus and the Thief? BY: Layla Brown Herodotus, the first Grecian historiographer, has been called by some # 8220 ; the male parent of history # 8221 ; and by others # 8220 ; the male parent of lies. # 8221 ; Born in 485 B.C to a affluent household at Halicarnassus, in Asia Minor, he was exiled to Samos shortly after his birth because of his household? s resistance to the Iranian domination of Ionia. During his young person, he traveled widely, analyzing the manners, imposts, and faiths of the people he encountered. His histories are made up of narratives told to him by people from Egypt, Syria, Babylon, Colchis, Paeonian and Macedonia. He was criticized by several ancient authors for making narratives and go throughing them off as the truth. Herodotus is most celebrated for the nine books he wrote on the rise of the Persian Empire, the Iranian invasion of Greece in 490 BC and 480 BC, and the concluding Greek triumph. Although it received rather a batch of congratulations and is still considered a chef-doeuvre, it? s trustiness has been questioned both in antediluvian and modern times. The narrative that I? m covering is of Rhampsinitus and the Thief ( pg. 277 ) . This is a narrative that Herodotus learned in Egypt and many believe that this anecdote was told to him by Egyptian priests, claiming it a true narrative. Herodotus, himself, didn? Ts really believe this peculiar narrative but he felt it was his responsibility to describe what he was told. Now, for those of you who didn? T read it, I? ll rapidly give a brief outline of the narrative. A deceasing male parent tells his two boies how to interrupt into the male monarch? s vault, which he, himself, built. The father so dies, go forthing the household with no manner to support themselves. So the two boies begin their hooking. They manage to get away with the hoarded wealth three times before the male monarch sets up a trap, in which one of the brothers gets caught. At his captured brother? s goad, the other brother cuts his sibling? s caput off, taking it with his, so the household? s individuality would non be known. The following twenty-four hours, the male monarch was bewildered at the sight of a headless stealer. He so ordered his lookouts to hang the organic structure on the outer wall and apprehension anybody seen mourning the headless cadaver. The two stealers? female parent, so perfectly overwrought over the decease of her boy, threatens her surviving boy, stating that if he didn? T collect the his brother? s organic structure, she would turn him in herself. With that, he rapidly devised a program. He got two donkeys and filled some teguments with vino, draping them over the two animate being? s dorsums. When he reached where his brother hung and where the lookouts stood guard, he pulled down the corners of the teguments, allowing the vino pour to the land. He so began to terror, feigning that he didn? T know what to make. The guards saw this vino running freely and ran, with pails in manus to roll up the vino, with the purpose to imbibe it all themselves. The stealer, feigning to be ferocious, began to shout and shout at the guards. The guards, desiring to maintain their vino and non make a dither with the male child, invited him to imbibe with them. Then the guards become to rummy to remain up and go through out, go forthing the stealer to take down his brother? s organic structure, and to shave each of the guard? s face funguss, roasting them. The male monarch was ferocious at what the stealer had done, so he sets his girl in a room with the order to consort with all the work forces that came to her. But before they enjoy her she must oblige each adult male to state her the cleverest thing that they? d of all time done. If a adult male told a narrative similar to that of the stealer, so she should keep him and non allow him acquire off. The stealer, seeing through the male monarch? s trap, wanted to excel the male monarch in resourcefulness. He so cuts the arm off a newly dead adult male and takes it with him underneath his cloak. He so meets with the male monarch? s girl and confesses to the larceny and the slaying of his brother. The girl so ranges to catch him but the thief slips off, go forthing her with a dead adult male? s arm. The male monarch is so astounded at the humor and dare of the stealer that he sent word to every metropolis of unsusceptibility and a promise of a great wages if the stealer comes frontward. The stealer trusts the male monarch? s word and goes to the castle. Rhampsinitus, the male monarch, admires the stealer so greatly that he gives him his girl as a married woman and declares that this adult male understands more than anyone else in the universe, stating: ? The Egyptians excel all others and this adult male the remainder of the Egyptians. ? Like many fabrications and ancient narratives, this one involves a simple cipher, a common man, lifting above their superior either in physical strength or mind. The male monarch and his lookouts are outsmarted many times by an ordinary male child. The stealer in this instance is neer referred to as a adult male, but as a male child until the last portion of the narrative, when the male monarch realizes him as being rather clever. The narrative focuses on the male child? s advancement from male child to manhood. Along the manner he encounters many obstructions he must get the better of or be destroyed. The first obstruction he was able to over come with easiness. He and his brother broke into the male monarch? s vault without being detected. However the following obstruction is a major challenge: his brother is caught and he has to kill his brother or endure the devastation of his household. He had to do the awful pick. The obstructions continue to go increasingly hard. He now has to recover his brother? s organic structure without being detected. Here you see his courage, bravery, and superior mind. He is able to utilize his head to get away the trap that was set for him. This development is important to the narrative and his growing. The male monarch is ferocious and put another trap, this clip utilizing his girl as the come-on. Now the male child is engaged in a full conflict of marbless with the male monarch and once more his clever head saves him. In many fabrications the hero in order to turn out himself as a adult male goes off to happen a firedrake to slay, licking, or change over # 8212 ; tame. In this instance the male child becomes a adult male by get the better ofing and change overing his firedrake, the male monarch. The male monarch is a adult male of award and he acknowledges the immature adult male? s superior humor, forgivenesss him, gives him wealths, and his girl? s manus in matrimony. And he has now earned the right to be referred to as a adult male. On the surface this seems like a simple narrative. However it should be viewed as a metaphor for the phases we go through in life. If you think about the chief characters in films or books you? ve read, or even your ain lives, you see that growing happens through the challenges faced. These challenges seem to be increasingly hard. Look at your ain lives. Your challenges may be different from the male child? s but there have been events in your ain lives that you had to come to footings with and get the better of in order to be where you are now. There is much to be learnt from this narrative if we take the clip to look beneath the surface. Word count: 1227

Twelfth Night - Analysis Of Fools Essays (1272 words) -

Twelfth Night - Analysis Of Fools Twelfth Night - Analysis of Fools A fool can be defined in many meanings according to the Oxford English Dictionary On Historical Principles. The word could mean a silly person, or one who professionally counterfeits folly for the entertainment of others, a jester, clown or one who has little or no reason or intellect or one who is made to appear to be a fool (word originated from North Frisian). In english literature, the two main ways which the fool could enter imaginative literature is that He could provide a topic, a theme for mediation, or he could turn into a stock character on the stage, a stylized comic figure. In William Shakespeare's comedy, Twelfth Night, Feste the clown is not the only fool who is subject to foolery. He and many other characters combine their silly acts and wits to invade other characters that evade reality or rather realize a dream, while our sympathies go out to those. It is natural that the fool should be a prominent & attractive figure and make an important contribution to the action in forming the confusion and the humor in an Elizabethan drama. In Twelfth Night, the clown and the fools are the ones who combine humor & wit to make the comedy work. Clowns, jesters, and Buffoons are usually regarded as fools. Their differences could be of how they dress, act or portrayed in society. A clown for example, was understood to be a country bumpkin or 'cloun'. In Elizabethan usage, the word 'clown' is ambiguous meaning both countryman and principal comedian. Another meaning given to it in the 1600 is a fool or jester. As for a buffoon, it is defined as a man whose profession is to make low jests and antics postures; a clown, jester, fool. The buffoon is a fool because although he exploits his own weaknesses instead of being exploited by others....he resembles other comic fools. This is similar to the definition of a 'Jester' who is also known as a buffoon, or a merry andrew. One maintained in a prince's court or nobleman's household. As you can see, the buffoon, jester and the clown are all depicted as fools and are related & tied to each other in some sort of way. They relatively have the same objectives in their roles but in appearance wise (clothes, physical features) they may be different. In Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, Feste's role in this Illyrian comedy is significant because Illyria is a country permeated with the spirit of the Feast of Fools, where identities are confused, 'uncivil rule' applauded...and no harm is done. In Illyria therefore the fool is not so much a critic of his environment as a ringleader, a merry-companion, a Lord of Misrule. Being equally welcome above and below stairs.. makes Feste significant as a character. In Twelfth Night, Feste plays the role of a humble clown employed by Olivia's father playing the licensed fool of their household. We learn this in Olivia's statement stating that Feste is an allowed fool(I.v.93) meaning he is licensed, privileged critic to speak the truth of the people around him. We also learn in a statement by Curio to the Duke that Feste is employed by Olivia's father. Feste the jester... a fool that the Lady Olivia's father took much pleasure in(II.iv.11). Feste is more of the comic truth of the comedy. Although he does not make any profound remarks, he seems to be the wisest person within all the characters in the comedy. Viola remarks this by saying This fellow's wise enough to play the fool(III.i.61). Since Feste is a licensed fool, his main role in Twelfth Night is to speak the truth. This is where the humor lies, his truthfulness. In one example he proves Olivia to be a true fool by asking her what she was mourning about. The point Feste tried to make was why was Olivia mourning for a person who's soul is in heaven? CLOWN Good madonna, why mourn'st thou? OLIVIA Good Fool, for my brother's death. CLOWN I think his soul is in hell, madonna. OLIVIA I know his soul is in heaven, fool. CLOWN The more fool, madonna, to mourn for your brother's soul, being in heaven. Take away the fool, gentlemen. Adding to the humor of the comedy, Feste, dresses up as Sir Topaz, the curate and visits the imprisoned Malvolio with Maria and Sir Toby. There he uses his humor to abuse Malvolio who is still unaware that he is actually talking to the clown than

What Is a Cartilaginous Fish

What Is a Cartilaginous Fish Cartilaginous fish are fish that have a skeleton made of cartilage, rather than bone. All sharks, skates, and rays (e.g., the southern stingray) are cartilaginous fish. These fish all fall into the group of fish called the elasmobranchs. Characteristics of Cartilaginous Fish In addition to the difference in their skeletons, cartilaginous fish have gills that open to the ocean through slits, rather than the bony covering that is present in bony fish. Different shark species may have different numbers of gill slits. Cartilaginous fish may also breathe through spiracles, rather than gills. Spiracles are found on top of the heads of all rays and skates, and some sharks. These openings allow the fish to rest on the ocean bottom and draw oxygenated water in through the top of their head, allowing them to breathe without breathing in sand. A cartilaginous fishs skin is covered in placoid scales, or dermal denticles, tooth-like scales different from the flat scales (called ganoid, ctenoid or cycloid) found on bony fish. Classification of Cartilaginous Fish Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: Elasmobranchii Evolution of Cartilaginous Fish Where did cartilaginous fish come from, and when? According to fossil evidence (primarily based on shark teeth, which get preserved much more readily than any other part of a shark), the earliest sharks evolved about 400 million years ago. Modern sharks arrived starting around 35 million years ago, and megalodon, white sharks, and hammerheads came about 23 million years ago. Rays and skates have been around longer than us, but their fossil record dates back to about 150 million years ago, so they evolved well after the first sharks. Where Do Cartilaginous Fish Live? Cartilaginous fish live all around the world, in all kinds of water - from rays that inhabit shallow, sandy bottoms to sharks that live out in the deep, open ocean. What Do Cartilaginous Fish Eat? A cartilaginous fishs diet varies by species. Sharks are important apex predators and may eat fish and marine mammals such as seals and whales. Rays and skates, who primarily live on the ocean bottom, will eat other bottom-dwelling creatures, including marine invertebrates such as crabs, clams, oysters, and shrimp. Some huge cartilaginous fish, such as whale sharks, basking sharks, and manta rays, feed on tiny plankton. How Do Cartilaginous Fish Reproduce? All cartilaginous fish reproduce using internal fertilization. The male uses claspers to grasp the female, and then he releases sperm to fertilize the females oocytes. After that, reproduction can differ among sharks, skates, and rays. Sharks may lay eggs or give birth to live young, rays give birth to live young, and skates lay eggs that are deposited inside an egg case. In sharks and rays, the young may be nourished by a placenta, yolk sac, unfertilized egg capsules, or even by feeding on other young. Young skates are nourished by a yolk in the egg case. When cartilaginous fish are born, they look like miniature reproductions of adults. How Long Do Cartilaginous Fish Live? Some cartilaginous fish may live for up to 50-100 years. Examples of Cartilaginous Fish: Whale SharkBasking SharkGreat White SharkThresher SharksSkatesSouthern Stingray References: Canadian Shark Research Lab. 2007. Skates and Rays of Atlantic Canada: Reproduction. Canadian Shark Research Lab. Accessed September 12, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History. Shark Basics. Accessed September 27, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History. Â  Shark Biology Accessed September 27, 2011.Icthyology Department at FL Museum of Natural History. Â  Ray and Skate Biology Accessed September 27, 2011.Martin, R.A. Evolution of a Super Predator. ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. Accessed September 27, 2011.Murphy, D. 2005. More About Condricthyes: Sharks and Their Kin. Devonian Times. Accessed September 27, 2011.